This is Thrilling Wonder Stories for April 1947, cover by Earle Bergey. The ISFDB entry for this issue is here. I found this version of the cover at Pulp Covers. You can download and read this issue from the Internet Archive.
Pulp Parade #301: The Gods Go Armed
That “I Talked With God” ad had me hooked, right up until the moment Dr Robinson referred to himself in the third person. Nice try, Dr Robinson, nice try.