Original image here. This image was the subject of a pulp art re-creation by Lon Ryden and before that was researched by Bacchus at ErosBlog as part of the “Γ commission.” The research was originally published at Hedonix as “Γ 064 – Rocket Man.” Here is what Bacchus found.

This image is a cropped and cleaned portion of a painting by Alex Schomberg that appeared on the cover of the UK science fiction magazine Science Fiction Quarterly #24 in 1954, or perhaps 1952 per another source. There is an extremely high-resolution photo of the cover on Flickr: